Application of exosomes in tumor immunity: recent progresses.

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, ranging in size from 30 to 150 nm. They contain proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other bioactive molecules, which play a crucial role in intercellular communication and material transfer. In tumor immunity, exosomes present various functions while the following two are of great importance: regulating the immune response and serving as delivery carriers. This review starts with the introduction of the formation, compositions, functions, isolation, characterization, and applications of exosomes, and subsequently discusses the current status of exosomes in tumor immunotherapy, and the recent applications of exosome-based tumor immunity regulation and antitumor drug delivery. Finally, current challenge and future prospects are proposed and hope to demonstrate inspiration for targeted readers in the field.

Ambient temperature regulates root circumnutation in rice through the ethylene pathway: transcriptome analysis reveals key genes involved.

Plant roots are constantly prepared to adjust their growth trajectories to avoid unfavorable environments, and their ability to reorient is particularly crucial for survival. Under laboratory conditions, this continuous reorientation of the root tip is manifested as coiling or waving, which we refer to as root circumnutation. However, the effect of ambient temperature (AT) on root circumnutation remains unexplored. In this study, rice seedlings were employed to assess the impact of varying ATs on root circumnutation. The role of ethylene in mediating root circumnutation under elevated AT was examined using the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor aminooxyacetic acid (AOA) and the ethylene perception antagonist silver thiosulfate (STS). Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing, weighted gene co-expression network analysis, and real-time quantitative PCR were utilized to analyze gene expressions in rice root tips under four distinct treatments: 25°C, 35°C, 35°C+STS, and 35°C+AOA. As a result, genes associated with ethylene synthesis and signaling (OsACOs and OsERFs), auxin synthesis and transport (OsYUCCA6, OsABCB15, and OsNPFs), cell elongation (OsEXPAs, OsXTHs, OsEGL1, and OsEXORDIUMs), as well as the inhibition of root curling (OsRMC) were identified. Notably, the expression levels of these genes increased with rising temperatures above 25°C. This study is the first to demonstrate that elevated AT can induce root circumnutation in rice via the ethylene pathway and proposes a potential molecular model through the identification of key genes. These findings offer valuable insights into the growth regulation mechanism of plant roots under elevated AT conditions.

Prognostic value of dynamic changes of pre- and post-operative tumor markers in colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis assessment is vital for personalized treatment plans. This study investigates the prognostic value of dynamic changes of tumor markers CEA, CA19-9, CA125, and AFP before and after surgery and constructs prediction models based on these indicators. METHODS: A retrospective clinical study of 2599 CRC patients who underwent radical surgery was conducted. Patients were randomly divided into training (70%) and validation (30%) datasets. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses identified independent prognostic factors, and nomograms were constructed. RESULTS: A total of 2599 CRC patients were included in the study. Patients were divided into training (70%, n = 1819) and validation (30%, n = 780) sets. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses identified age, total number of resected lymph nodes, T stage, N stage, the preoperative and postoperative changes in the levels of CEA, CA19-9, and CA125 as independent prognostic factors. When their postoperative levels are normal, patients with elevated preoperative levels have significantly worse overall survival. However, when the postoperative levels of CEA/CA19-9/CA125 are elevated, whether their preoperative levels are elevated or not has no significance for prognosis. Two nomogram models were developed, and Model I, which included CEA, CA19-9, and CA125 groups, demonstrated the best performance in both training and validation sets. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the significant predictive value of dynamic changes in tumor markers CEA, CA19-9, and CA125 before and after CRC surgery. Incorporating these markers into a nomogram prediction model improves prognostic accuracy, enabling clinicians to better assess patients' conditions and develop personalized treatment plans.

Microbial features with uranium pollution in artificial reservoir sediments at different depths under drought stress.

The uranium (U) containing leachate from uranium tailings dam into the natural settings, may greatly affect the downstream environment. To reveal such relationship between uranium contamination and microbial communities in the most affected downstream environment under drought stress, a 180 cm downstream artificial reservoir depth sediment profile was collected, and the microbial communities and related genes were analyzed by 16S rDNA and metagenomics. Besides, the sequential extraction scheme was employed to shed light on the distinct role of U geochemical speciations in shaping microbial community structures. The results showed that U content ranged from 28.1 to 70.1 mg/kg, with an average content of 44.9 mg/kg, significantly exceeding the value of background sediments. Further, U in all the studied sediments was related to remarkably high portions of mobile fractions, and U was likely deposited layer by layer depending on the discharge/leachate inputs from uranium-involving anthoropogenic facilities/activities upstream. The nexus between U speciation, physico-chemical indicators and microbial composition showed that Fe, S, and N metabolism played a vital role in microbial adaptation to U-enriched environment; meanwhile, the fraction of Ureducible and the Fe and S contents had the most significant effects on microbial community composition in the sediments under drought stress.

GUESS: GradUally Enriching SyntheSis for Text-Driven Human Motion Generation.

In this paper, we propose a novel cascaded diffusion-based generative framework for text-driven human motion synthesis, which exploits a strategy named GradUally Enriching SyntheSis (GUESS as its abbreviation). The strategy sets up generation objectives by grouping body joints of detailed skeletons in close semantic proximity together and then replacing each of such joint group with a single body-part node. Such an operation recursively abstracts a human pose to coarser and coarser skeletons at multiple granularity levels. Notably, we further integrate GUESS with the proposed dynamic multi-condition fusion mechanism to dynamically balance the cooperative effects of the given textual condition and synthesized coarse motion prompt in different generation stages. Extensive experiments on large-scale datasets verify that GUESS outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods by large margins in terms of accuracy, realisticness, and diversity. Please refer to the supplemental demo video for more visualizations.

Small extracellular vesicles-mediated cellular interactions between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages: Implication for immunotherapy.

The tumor microenvironment consists of cancer cells and various stromal cells, including macrophages, which exhibit diverse phenotypes with either pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) effects. The interaction between cancer cells and macrophages plays a crucial role in tumor progression. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), which facilitate intercellular communication, are known to play a vital role in this process. This review provides a comprehensive summary of how sEVs derived from cancer cells, containing miRNAs, lncRNAs, proteins, and lipids, can influence macrophage polarization. Additionally, we discuss the impact of macrophage-secreted sEVs on tumor malignant transformation, including effects on proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, and immune escape. Furthermore, we address the therapeutic advancements and current challenges associated with macrophage-associated sEVs, along with potential solutions.

Ab Initio Quantum Dynamics Simulation of the Impact of Graphene on the Carrier Lifetime of the ZnV2O6 Photocatalyst.

We used a nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulation to determine the carrier dynamics of a graphene/ZnV2O6 heterostructure in the search for an effective photocatalyst material. The C-2p orbital promotes the wave function overlap, guiding electrons to move between graphene and ZnV2O6, successfully achieving good mixing with the valence and conduction bands in ZnV2O6 materials, which is conducive to supporting carrier migration. The overlap between graphene/ZnV2O6 electrons and hole wave functions is less than that of ZnV2O6, and there is small absolute nonadiabatic coupling. The charge separation caused by graphene increases the carrier lifetime and prevents nonradiative electron-hole recombination. This study reveals the microscopic mechanism of extending the carrier lifetime of ZnV2O6 by introducing graphene, providing useful insights for regulating the electronic structure, promoting electron transfer and ultrafast electron and hole transfer. This strategy provides design considerations for advanced photocatalytic materials.

Transcriptome analysis of the hepatopancreas from the Litopenaeus vannamei infected with different flagellum types of Vibrio alginolyticus strains.

Vibrio alginolyticus, one of the prevalently harmful Vibrio species found in the ocean, causes significant economic damage in the shrimp farming industry. Its flagellum serves as a crucial virulence factor in the invasion of host organisms. However, the processes of bacteria flagella recognition and activation of the downstream immune system in shrimp remain unclear. To enhance comprehension of this, a ΔflhG strain was created by in-frame deletion of the flhG gene in V. alginolyticus strain HN08155. Then we utilized the transcriptome analysis to examine the different immune responses in Litopenaeus vannamei hepatopancreas after being infected with the wild type and the mutant strains. The results showed that the ΔflhG strain, unlike the wild type, lost its ability to regulate flagella numbers negatively and displayed multiple flagella. When infected with the hyperflagella-type strain, the RNA-seq revealed the upregulation of several immune-related genes in the shrimp hepatopancreas. Notably, two C-type lectins (CTLs), namely galactose-specific lectin nattectin and macrophage mannose receptor 1, and the TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 6 gene were upregulated significantly. These findings suggested that C-type lectins were potentially involved in flagella recognition in shrimp and the immune system was activated through the TRAF6 pathway after flagella detection by CTLs.

Prognostic value of normal levels of preoperative tumor markers in colorectal cancer.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) are widely used tumor markers for colorectal cancer (CRC), but their clinical significance is unknown when the levels of these tumor markers were within the normal range. This retrospective study included 2145 CRC patients. The entire cohort was randomly divided into training and validation datasets. The optimal cut-off values of tumor markers were calculated using X-tile software, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess its association with overall survival (OS). The nomogram model was constructed and validated. The entire cohort was randomly divided into a training dataset (1502 cases, 70%) and a validation dataset (643 cases,30%). Calculated from the training dataset, the optimal cut-off value was 2.9 ng/mL for CEA, 10.1 ng/mL for CA19-9, 13.4 U/mL for CA125, and 1.8 ng/mL for AFP, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, tumor location, T stage, N stage, preoperative CA19-9, and CA125 levels were independent prognostic predictors. Even within the normal range, CRC patients with relatively high levels of CA19-9 or CA125 worse OS compared to those with relatively low levels. Then, based on the independent prognostic predictors from multivariate analysis, two models with/without (model I/II) CA19-9 and CA125 were built, model I showed better prediction and reliability than model II. Within the normal range, relatively high levels of preoperative CA19-9 and CA125 were significantly associated with poor OS in CRC patients. The nomogram based on CA19-9 and CA125 levels showed improved predictive accuracy ability for CRC.

Single-cell analysis unveils activation of mast cells in colorectal cancer microenvironment.

The role of mast cells (MCs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear, and a comprehensive single-cell study on CRC MCs has not been conducted. This study used a multi-omics approach, integrating single-cell sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and bulk tissue sequencing data to investigate the heterogeneity and impact of MCs in CRC. Five MC signature genes (TPSAB1, TPSB2, CPA3, HPGDS, and MS4A2) were identified, and their average expression was used as a marker of MCs. The MC density was found to be lower in CRC compared to normal tissue, but MCs in CRC demonstrated distinct activation features. Activated MCs were defined by high expression of receptors and MC mediators, while resting MCs had low expression. Most genes, including the five MC signature genes, were expressed at higher levels in activated MCs. The MC signature was linked to a better prognosis in both CRC and pan-cancer patient cohorts. Elevated KITLG expression was observed in fibroblasts and endothelial cells in CRC samples compared to normal tissue, and co-localization of MCs with these cell types was revealed by spatial transcriptome analysis. In conclusion, this study finds decreased MC density in CRC compared to normal tissue, but highlights a shift in MC phenotype from CMA1high resting cells to activated TPSAB1high, CPA3high, and KIThigh cells. The elevated KITLG expression in the tumor microenvironment's fibroblasts and endothelial cells may activate MCs through the KITLG-KIT axis, potentially suppressing tumor progression.

Characterization of exogenous lactate addition on the growth, photosynthetic performance, and biochemical composition of four bait microalgae strains.

AIMS: To quickly obtain the biomass of bait microalgae with high value-added products, researchers have examined the influence of biochemical and environmental factors on the growth rates and biochemical composition of microalgae. Previous studies have shown that lactate plays an important role in metabolic regulation in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous lactate on the growth rates, photosynthetic efficiency, and biochemical composition of four commonly used bait microalgae in aquaculture. METHODS AND RESULTS: The optical density of the algal cultures at specific time points, YII, Fv/Fm, and the total lipid, protein, soluble sugar, insoluble sugar, chlorophyll a, and carotenoid content of P. tricornutum, Isochrysis galbana (I. galbana), Chaetoceros muelleri, and Cylindrotheca fusiformis were determined. In I. galbana, the growth rate was enhanced with the addition of lactate, even though higher concentrations of lactate were associated with a decrease in YII and Fv/Fm. In general, the total lipid content of these microalgal strains increased gradually in a concentration-dependent manner over the range of lactate concentrations. In addition, higher concentrations of lactate also induced significant changes in the total soluble and insoluble sugar levels in all microalgal strains. However, chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents increased at lower but decreased at higher concentrations of lactate in all microalgal strains. The total protein content was significantly elevated at all concentrations of lactate in P. tricornutum, whereas there were no significant differences in that of C. fusiformis. CONCLUSIONS: Lactate effective influences in the growth, metabolism, and synthesis of important biochemical components in the four microalgal strains under investigation.

Transcranial ultrasound stimulation at the peak-phase of theta-cycles in the hippocampus improve memory performance.

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of closed-loop transcranial ultrasound stimulation (closed-loop TUS) as a non-invasive, high temporal-spatial resolution method for modulating brain function to enhance memory. For this purpose, we applied closed-loop TUS to the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus for 7 consecutive days at different phases of theta cycles. Following the intervention, we evaluated memory performance through behavioral testing and recorded the neural activity. Our results indicated that closed-loop TUS applied at the peak phase of theta cycles significantly improves the memory performance in rats, as evidenced by behavioral testing. Furthermore, we observed that closed-loop TUS modifies the power and cross-frequency coupling strength of local field potentials (LFPs) during memory task, as well as modulates neuronal activity patterns and synaptic transmission, depending on phase of stimulation relative to theta rhythm. We demonstrated that closed-loop TUS can modulate neural activity and memory performance in a phase-dependent manner. Specifically, we observed that effectiveness of closed-loop TUS in regulating neural activity and memory is dependent on the timing of stimulation in relation to different theta phase. The findings implied that closed-loop TUS may have the capability to alter neural activity and memory performance in a phase-sensitive manner, and suggested that the efficacy of closed-loop TUS in modifying neural activity and memory was contingent on timing of stimulation with respect to the theta rhythm. Moreover, the improvement in memory performance after closed-loop TUS was found to be persistent.

Bioinformatic and functional characterization of cyclic-di-GMP metabolic proteins in Vibrio alginolyticus unveils key diguanylate cyclases controlling multiple biofilm-associated phenotypes.

The biofilm lifestyle is critical for bacterial survival and proliferation in the fluctuating marine environment. Cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) is a key second messenger during bacterial adaptation to various environmental signals, which has been identified as a master regulator of biofilm formation. However, little is known about whether and how c-di-GMP signaling regulates biofilm formation in Vibrio alginolyticus, a globally dominant marine pathogen. Here, a large set of 63 proteins were predicted to participate in c-di-GMP metabolism (biosynthesis or degradation) in a pathogenic V. alginolyticus strain HN08155. Guided by protein homology, conserved domains and gene context information, a representative subset of 22 c-di-GMP metabolic proteins were selected to determine which ones affect biofilm-associated phenotypes. By comparing phenotypic differences between the wild-type and mutants or overexpression strains, we found that 22 c-di-GMP metabolic proteins can separately regulate different phenotypic outputs in V. alginolyticus. The results indicated that overexpression of four c-di-GMP metabolic proteins, including VA0356, VA1591 (CdgM), VA4033 (DgcB) and VA0088, strongly enhanced rugose colony morphotypes and strengthened Congo Red (CR) binding capacity, both of which are indicators of biofilm matrix overproduction. Furthermore, rugose enhanced colonies were accompanied by increased transcript levels of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis genes and decreased expression of flagellar synthesis genes compared to smooth colonies (WTpBAD control), as demonstrated by overexpression strains WTp4033 and ∆VA4033p4033. Overall, the high abundance of c-di-GMP metabolic proteins in V. alginolyticus suggests that c-di-GMP signaling and regulatory system could play a key role in its response and adaptation to the ever-changing marine environment. This work provides a robust foundation for the study of the molecular mechanisms of c-di-GMP in the biofilm formation of V. alginolyticus.

Light response of gametophyte in Adiantum flabellulatum: transcriptome analysis and identification of key genes and pathways.

Light serves not only as a signaling cue perceived by plant photoreceptors but also as an essential energy source captured by chloroplasts. However, excessive light can impose stress on plants. Fern gametophytes possess the unique ability to survive independently and play a critical role in the alternation of generations. Due to their predominantly shaded distribution under canopies, light availability becomes a limiting factor for gametophyte survival, making it imperative to investigate their response to light. Previous research on fern gametophytes' light response has been limited to the physiological level. In this study, we examined the light response of Adiantum flabellulatum gametophytes under different photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) levels and identified their high sensitivity to low light. We thereby determined optimal and stress-inducing light conditions. By employing transcriptome sequencing, weighted gene co-expression network analysis, and Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses, we identified 10,995 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Notably, 3 PHYBs and 5 Type 1 CRYs (CRY1s) were significantly down-regulated at low PPFD (0.1 µmol m-2 s-1). Furthermore, we annotated 927 DEGs to pathways related to photosynthesis and 210 to the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway involved in photoprotection. Additionally, we predicted 34 transcription factor families and identified a close correlation between mTERFs and photosynthesis, as well as a strong co-expression relationship between MYBs and bHLHs and genes encoding flavonoid synthesis enzymes. This comprehensive analysis enhances our understanding of the light response of fern gametophytes and provides novel insights into the mechanisms governing their responses to light.

A nomogram was developed using clinicopathological features to predict postoperative liver metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study is to examine the risk factors that contribute to the development of liver metastasis (LM) in patients who have suffered radical resection for colorectal cancer (CRC), and to establish a nomogram model that can be used to predict the occurrence of the LM. METHODS: The present study enrolled 1377 patients diagnosed with CRC between January 2010 and July 2021. The datasets were allocated to training (n = 965) and validation (n = 412) sets in a randomly stratified manner. The study utilized univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to establish a nomogram for predicting LM in patients with CRC. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis revealed that T stage, N stage, number of harvested lymph nodes (LNH), mismatch repair (MMR) status, neutrophil count, monocyte count, postoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels, postoperative cancer antigen 125 (CA125) levels, and postoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels were independent predictive factors for LM after radical resection. These factors were then utilized to construct a comprehensive nomogram for predicting LM. The nomogram demonstrated great discrimination, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.782 for the training set and 0.768 for the validation set. Additionally, the nomogram exhibited excellent calibration and significant clinical benefit as confirmed by the calibration curves and the decision curve analysis, respectively. CONCLUSION: This nomogram has the potential to support clinicians in identifying high-risk patients who may develop LM post-surgery. Clinicians can devise personalized treatment and follow-up plans, ultimately leading to an improved prognosis for patients.

[Modulation of motor responses and neural activities with transcranial ultrasound stimulation based on closed-loop control].

Closed-loop transcranial ultrasound stimulation technology is based on real-time feedback signals, and has the potential for precise regulation of neural activity. In this paper, firstly the local field potential (LFP) and electromyogram (EMG) signals of mice under different intensities of ultrasound stimulation were recorded, then the mathematical model of ultrasound intensity and mouse LFP peak/EMG mean was established offline based on the data, and the closed-loop control system of LFP peak and EMG mean based on PID neural network control algorithm was simulated and built to realize closed-loop control of LFP peak and EMG mean of mice. In addition, using the generalized minimum variance control algorithm, the closed-loop control of theta oscillation power was realized. There was no significant difference between the LFP peak, EMG mean and theta power under closed-loop ultrasound control and the given value, indicating a significant control effect on the LFP peak, EMG mean and theta power of mice. Transcranial ultrasound stimulation based on closed-loop control algorithms provides a direct tool for precise modulation of electrophysiological signals in mice.

Increasing probability of record-population exposure to high temperature and related health-risks in China.

Combining the comprehensive effects of temperature and humidity, this study applies a heat stress index to project future population exposure to high temperature and related health-risks over China under different climate change scenarios. Results show that the number of high temperature days, population exposure and their related health-risks will increase significantly in the future compared to the reference period (1985-2014), which is mainly caused by the change of >T99p (the wet bulb globe temperature >99th percentile derived from the reference period). The population effect is absolutely dominant in influencing the decrease in exposure to T90-95p (the wet bulb globe temperature is in the range of (90th, 95th]) and T95-99p (the wet bulb globe temperature is in the range of (95th, 99th]), and the climate effect is the most prominent contributor to the upsurge in exposure to > T99p in most areas. An additional 0.1 billion person-days increase in population exposure to T90-95p, T95-99p and >T99p in a given year is associated with the number of deaths by 1002 (95% CI: 570-1434), 2926 (95% CI: 1783-4069) and 2635 (95% CI: 1345-3925), respectively. Compared with the reference period, total exposure to high temperature under the SSP2-4.5 (SSP5-8.5) scenario will increase to 1.92 (2.01) times in the near-term (2021-2050) and 2.16 (2.35) times in the long-term (2071-2100), which will increase the number of people at heat risk by 1.2266 (95% CI: 0.6341-1.8192) [1.3575 (95% CI: 0.6926-2.0223)] and 1.5885 (95% CI: 0.7869-2.3902) [1.8901 (95% CI:0.9230-2.8572)] million, respectively. Significant geographic variations exist in the changes of exposure and related health-risks. The change is greatest in the southwest and south, whereas it is relatively small in the northeast and north. The findings provide several theoretical references for climate change adaptation.

Transcranial ultrasound stimulation modulates neural activities during NREM and REM depending on the stimulation phase of slow oscillations and theta waves in the hippocampus.

Modulation of the hippocampal neural activity by low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation depends on the phase of theta rhythm and can also regulate sleep rhythm. However, until now, the modulatory effect of ultrasound stimulation on neural activity in different sleep states depending on the phase of local field potential stimulation in the hippocampus was unclear. To answer this question, closed-loop ultrasound stimulation was applied to in-phase (upstate)/out-of-phase slow oscillations in the hippocampus during non-rapid eye movement sleep, and to the peaks and troughs of theta oscillations in the hippocampus during wake in a mouse model. Local field potential of the hippocampus within 3-h after the ultrasound stimulation during light-on sleep cycle was recorded. We found that (i) under slow-oscillation in-phase stimulation, ultrasound stimulation upregulated the non-rapid eye movement ratio and decreased the wake ratio. Furthermore, it increased the ripple density during non-rapid eye movement and enhanced the coupling of the spindle-ripple during non-rapid eye movement as well as the theta-high gamma phase-amplitude coupling during the REM period. In addition, theta during the REM period showed a more stable oscillation mode. (ii) Under slow-oscillation out-of-phase stimulation, ultrasound stimulation increased the density of ripple during non-rapid eye movement and enhanced the theta-high gamma phase-amplitude coupling strength during REM. Furthermore, theta oscillations during REM were significantly slower and showed higher variability. (iii) Under the phase-locked peak and trough stimulation of theta oscillation, ultrasound stimulation increased the ripple density during non-rapid eye movement, weakened the coupling strength of spindle-ripple during non-rapid eye movement, and enhanced theta-high gamma phase-amplitude coupling during REM. However, theta oscillation mode was not changed significantly during REM. The above results suggest that the regulatory effect of ultrasound stimulation on neural activity in different sleep states depends on the stimulation phases of slow oscillations and theta waves in the hippocampus.

First principles calculation of the ZnV2O6(001) surface terminations: the thermodynamic stability and electronic structure study.

We have investigated the surface structure and relative stability of ZnV2O6(001) using a thermodynamic technique based on density functional theory (DFT). We built Zn-V-O surface phase diagrams of various surface terminations using the obtained surface Gibbs free energy. In this study, we selected nine different surface terminations along the (001) crystal plane to elucidate that the E, G, H, and I terminations (as shown in Table 1) are the most stable configurations. We found that although their stability varies widely, the four terminations on the ZnV2O6(001) surface can be stabilized under specific thermodynamic equilibrium circumstances. Furthermore, we calculated the surface electronic structures of the four surface terminations and found that there are surface states conducive to visible light absorption at the G, H, and I terminations. The different termination structures are significant in improving the range and intensity of light absorption of ZnV2O6 in specific regions. The fact that the work functions fluctuate significantly for different surface terminations suggests that the work function of ZnV2O6 can be changed to increase photocatalytic activity by achieving thermodynamically favored surface terminations under appropriate conditions. The obtained surface phase diagram will further lay a foundation for the study of the ZnV2O6 surface. These results may help to explore the inherent properties of the ZnV2O6 surface and provide useful strategies for future experimental research on ZnV2O6-based photocatalysts.